Spring 整合 Apache Shiro 实现各等级的权限管理
Background
前几个月在做一个常规的权限隔离功能的时候,恰好使用过Apache Shiro.
Apache Shiro 是一款Java的安全框架,通常用作Web应用的权限校验,身份验证.
Apache Shiro is a powerful and easy-to-use Java security framework that performs authentication,
authorization, cryptography, and session management. With Shiro’s easy-to-understand API, you
can quickly and easily secure any application – from the smallest mobile applications to the
largest web and enterprise applications.
在参考过 IBM 开发社区关于Shiro的博客 一篇文章 在Web项目中应用Apache
Shiro
与开涛博客的一个跟我学Shiro系列文章 开涛博客-跟我学Shiro
不得不说的是IBM Developer社区的文章一向属于生动易懂.
但是上面的这篇讲得并没有之前推荐的讲Spring-DataJPA的那篇文章那样浅显,
于是才有了现在这份笔记
权限控制
我所接触到的权限控制大概可以分成两个级别 URL和方法级别.
以常见的论坛用户来举例.论坛用户简要的分成两种 管理员Admin,普通用户Normal.
其中管理员能够进入用户管理,帖子管理的页面进行CRUD操作.
普通用户则只能进行自己帖子的CRU操作,以及顶贴什么的.
如果只进行URL级别的拦截,只需要在每一个URL的访问时 获取用户的角色是Admin还是Normal即可.
如果是进行方法级别的拦截,则可能根据功能的设计衍生出很多设计方案(一眼就能想到的大概是树状,平行等).
但是由于跟数据库的设计密切相关,所以这个级别不细讲.
言归正传(不知道是不是看light大大博客看多了,语气有点奇怪),下面结合上面的论坛用户的一个场景进行逻辑与代码的讲解
URL级别的权限控制
业务场景假设
首先,我们假设有以下几种种URL
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/user/create //用户创建,Admin专属 /post/create //发帖 Admin,Normal共有 /login //登陆 /logout //注销 |
Shiro基本配置
Maven
$<shiro.version>请自行替换成当前的最新版本
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<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>${shiro.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
<version>${shiro.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
<version>${shiro.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>${shiro.version}</version>
</dependency>
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web.xml
为了实现与Spring同一个级别的URL拦截,需要将Shiro的Filter配置在Spring MVC的Dispatcher Servlet同一个级别
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<filter>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>targetFilterLifecycle</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>shiroFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
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Spring ApplicationContext.xml
在与Spring进行整合的时候,为了方便拼切配置,在Spring 里面导入另一份专用于Shiro的xml配置
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<import resource="config/security/applicationContext-shiro-captcha.xml"/> |
Spring applicationContext-shiro-captcha.xml
先将整个 shiro的xml配置贴出来,接下来在逐一解说其内容
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<description>Shiro安全配置</description>
<!-- Shiro"s main business-tier object for web-enabled applications -->
<bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">
<property name="realm" ref="shiroRealm"/>
<property name="cacheManager" ref="shiroEhcacheManager"/>
</bean>
<!-- 項目自定义的Realm -->
<bean id="shiroRealm" class="com.quariuslt.service.security.BookingShiroRealm">
<property name="loginSessionService" ref="loginSessionService"/>
<property name="userService" ref="userService"/>
<property name="cacheManager" ref="shiroEhcacheManager"/>
</bean>
<!-- 用户授权信息Cache, 采用EhCache -->
<bean id="shiroEhcacheManager" class="org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManager">
<property name="cacheManagerConfigFile" value="classpath:config/security/ehcache-shiro.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- 保证实现了Shiro内部lifecycle函数的bean执行 -->
<bean id="lifecycleBeanPostProcessor" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.LifecycleBeanPostProcessor"/>
<bean class="org.apache.shiro.spring.security.interceptor.AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
</bean>
<bean id="captchaFilter" class="com.quariuslt.service.security.CaptchaFormAuthenticationFilter"/>
<bean id="adminPermissionFilter" class="com.quariuslt.service.security.AdminPermissionFilter"/>
<bean id="normalPermissionFilter" class="com.quariuslt.service.security.NormalPermissionFilter"/>
<!-- Shiro Filter -->
<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
<property name="loginUrl" value="/login"/>
<property name="successUrl" value="/booking/search"/>
<property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/"/>
<property name="filters">
<map>
<entry key="authc" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>
<!--<entry key="roles[admin]" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>-->
<!--<entry key="roles[normal]" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>-->
</map>
</property>
<property name="filterChainDefinitions">
<value>
/=authc
/register = anon
/forgot =anon
/login = anon
/login/action* = anon
/logout = logout
/js/** = anon
/rest/**=anon
/image/**=anon
/jawr_loader.js=anon
/user/create=roles[admin]
/post/create/**=roles[normal|admin]
/** =authc
</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
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配置详解
首先要理解一件事情,就是Shiro的权限控制 源自于Web.xml的Filter,在Filter中获取目标URL的请求,解析以达到根据请求是否到达下一集Filter的作用.
再要理解一件约定大于配置的问题,了解Shiro的一些默认配置解说.
在贴出来的shiro-captcha.xml配置代码中:
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<!-- Shiro Filter -->
<bean id="shiroFilter" class="org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean">
<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/>
<property name="loginUrl" value="/login"/>
<property name="successUrl" value="/booking/search"/>
<property name="unauthorizedUrl" value="/"/>
<property name="filters">
<map>
<entry key="authc" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>
<!--<entry key="roles[admin]" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>-->
<!--<entry key="roles[normal]" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>-->
</map>
</property>
<property name="filterChainDefinitions">
<value>
/=authc
/register = anon
/forgot =anon
/login = anon
/login/action* = anon
/logout = logout
/js/** = anon
/rest/**=anon
/image/**=anon
/jawr_loader.js=anon
/user/create=roles[admin]
/post/create/**=roles[normal|admin]
/** =authc
</value>
</property>
</bean>
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先来看<property
name="filterChainDefinitions">中的属性.
的内容,其实是url对应权限的一些mapping.表示对应的url mapping 需要对应的权限.
其中authc,anon,logout样例中提及的这三个,是Shiro自己的默认配置
authc表示,这这个mapping代表的url需要登陆之后才能查看
anon表示,这个mapping代表的url全部放行,所以可以看到所有js文件与image文件都被放行了
logout表示这个mapping代表的url将进行一次注销操作,在浏览器客户端进行的是session的注销,在服务器端则是进行缓存的删除
其中 roles[admin],roles[normal|admin] 则是自己定义的过滤规则.
表示/user/create只有角色包含admin的有权限访问
且/post/create则是角色是admin或normal的有权限访问
登录与注销
登录
对于所有需要登录的URL可以通过 authc一个拦截器来拦截
在未登录的状态下,所有所有需要登录的URL都是自动跳转到上面XML所配置的loginUrl之中.
当然这里返回的是 一个对 /login路径的get请求
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<property name="loginUrl" value="/login"/> |
注销
注销也很简单,只要任意url能够跳转到/logout,便会自动注销.
同步登录与异步登陆
其实在Shiro的配置中,通过阅读源码可以看出,其实loginUrl一个属性,代表的是
当Method=Get的请求到达其值对应的url(/login)时,返回登录的页面.
当Method=Post的请求到达其值对应的url(/login)时,进入到的就是Shiro本身的登陆操作
该操作,通过读取securityManager的配置,
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<property name="securityManager" ref="securityManager"/> |
通过自定义的realm BookingShiroRealm
此处
BookingShiroRealm是自己定义的名称,只是为了符合但是的业务需要起的名字
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<!-- Shiro"s main business-tier object for web-enabled applications -->
<bean id="securityManager" class="org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager">
<property name="realm" ref="shiroRealm"/>
<property name="cacheManager" ref="shiroEhcacheManager"/>
</bean>
<!-- 項目自定义的Realm -->
<bean id="shiroRealm" class="com.quariuslt.service.security.BookingShiroRealm">
<property name="loginSessionService" ref="loginSessionService"/>
<property name="userService" ref="userService"/>
<property name="cacheManager" ref="shiroEhcacheManager"/>
</bean>
|
接下来解说一下
BookingShiroRealm.java
的内容
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public class BookingShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
public static final String LOGIN_SESSION_NAME="loginSession";
public static final String SIMPLE_AUTHORIZATION_INFO="simpleAuthorizationInfo";
private LoginSessionService loginSessionService;
private UserService userService;
public LoginSessionService getLoginSessionService() {
return loginSessionService;
}
public void setLoginSessionService(LoginSessionService loginSessionService) {
this.loginSessionService = loginSessionService;
}
public UserService getUserService() {
return userService;
}
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
/*授权信息*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
LoginSession loginSession = (LoginSession) principals.fromRealm(getName()).iterator().next();
if(SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().getAttribute(LOGIN_SESSION_NAME)==null){
SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().setAttribute(LOGIN_SESSION_NAME, loginSession);
}
if(SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().getAttribute(SIMPLE_AUTHORIZATION_INFO)==null){
UserDto userDto=userService.findUserById(loginSession.getUserId());
if (userDto != null) {
SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
Set<RoleDto> roleDtoSet=userService.getUserRolesByUserId(userDto.getId());
for(RoleDto roleDto:roleDtoSet){
info.addRole(roleDto.getName().toLowerCase());
}
SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().setAttribute(SIMPLE_AUTHORIZATION_INFO, info);
} else {
return null;
}
}
return (AuthorizationInfo)SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().getAttribute(SIMPLE_AUTHORIZATION_INFO);
}
/*认证信息*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("Come to BookingShiroRealm");
UsernamePasswordToken token=(UsernamePasswordToken)authenticationToken;
String userId=token.getUsername();
String cryptedPassword= String.valueOf(token.getPassword());
if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(userId)){
UserDto targetUser=userService.getByUserId(userId);
System.out.println("TargetUser:"+userId+" InputPassWord:"+cryptedPassword+" DB PassWord:"+targetUser.getCryptedPassword());
if(cryptedPassword.equals(targetUser.getCryptedPassword())){
System.out.println("BookingShiroRealm:Login Success");
LoginSession loginSession=new LoginSession(targetUser.getId(), targetUser.getUserId(),targetUser.getEmail(),SecurityUtils.getSubject().getSession().getHost());
loginSessionService.clearSessionByUserId(userId);
loginSessionService.save(loginSession);
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(loginSession,targetUser.getCryptedPassword().toCharArray(),getName());
}
}
return null;
}
}
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AuthorizingRealm是Shiro负责身份认证的抽象类.
需要实现其doGetAuthenticationInfo方法,实现
对提交过来的用户名/密码 等账号信息,跟数据库进行交互判定登陆是否成功的过程.
和实现其doGetAuthorizationInfo方法,实现对需要登陆之后
对权限的认证.
在说到登陆的校验之前,可以看到在doGetAuthenticationInfo方法里面
有一个authenticationToken.里面包含了登陆传递过来的用户名和密码信息.这里又是怎么来的呢.
此时返回来回到Spring配置Shiro的xml applicationContext-shiro-captcha.xml
会发现
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<property name="filters">
<map>
<entry key="authc" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>
<entry key="roles[admin]" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>
<entry key="roles[normal]" value-ref="captchaFilter"/>
</map>
</property>
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里面会有一个captchaFilter,
指向其注入的类 CaptchaFormAuthenticationFilter.java
附上CaptchaFormAuthenticationFilter代码
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public class CaptchaFormAuthenticationFilter extends FormAuthenticationFilter {
public static final String DEFAULT_CAPTCHA_PARAM = "captcha";
private String captchaParam = DEFAULT_CAPTCHA_PARAM;
public String getCaptchaParam() {
return captchaParam;
}
protected String getCaptcha(ServletRequest request) {
return WebUtils.getCleanParam(request, getCaptchaParam());
}
@Override
protected boolean onLoginFailure(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationException e, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
setFailureAttribute(request, e);
return true;
}
@Override
protected void setFailureAttribute(ServletRequest request, AuthenticationException ae) {
String className = ae.getClass().getName();
request.setAttribute(getFailureKeyAttribute(), className);
}
//这里进行密码的加密
@Override
protected CaptchaUsernamePasswordToken createToken(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
System.out.println("Come to CreateToken");
String username = getUsername(request);
String password = getPassword(request);
String captcha = getCaptcha(request);
boolean rememberMe = isRememberMe(request);
String host = getHost(request);
System.out.println("Captcha UserName(UserId):" + username);
System.out.println("Captcha Password:" + password);
System.out.println("Captcha RememberMe:" + rememberMe);
return new CaptchaUsernamePasswordToken(username,
password.toCharArray(), rememberMe, host, captcha);
}
@Override
protected boolean executeLogin(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
CaptchaUsernamePasswordToken token = createToken(request, response);
try {
System.out.println("Execute Login~");
Subject subject = getSubject(request, response);
subject.login(token);
return onLoginSuccess(token,subject, request, response);
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
return onLoginFailure(token,e, request, response);
}
}
}
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继承FormAuthenticationFilter的CaptchaFormAuthenticationFilter并重写其CaptchaUsernamePasswordToken方法.
用于通过/login的POST方式提交过来的时候,便会先经过此filter的createToken方法进行token的生成
假设有一个登陆页面的/login使用同步提交方式,即通过页面的form表单,action="/login",method="POST"提交到后台,触发流程是
- 到达
FormAuthenticationFilter根据表单 生成Token.- 调用 Shiro专门处理认证的
subject其login方法进行登陆
