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并发编程与高并发解决方案学习(J.U.C之AQS-CountDownLatch、Semaphore)

创建时间：2018-04-03 投稿人： 浏览次数：190



※使用Node实现FIFO队列，可以用于构建锁或者其他同步装置的基础框架※利用int类型表示状态 state=0表示还没有线程获取锁 state=1表示有现成获取锁，大于1表示可重入锁数量※使用方法是继承 AQS使用模板方法模式，继承模板方法，复写其中的方法※子类通过继承并通过实现它的方法管理其状态{acquire和release}的方法操作状态※可以同时实现排它锁和共享锁模式(独占、共享)
AQS同步组件（CountDownLatch、Semaphore、CyclicBarrier、ReentrantLock、Condition、FutureTask）
CountDownLatch(作用类似于join()) 同步辅助类，可以实现阻塞的作用，同一时间只能有一个线程操作该计数器，调用该类的await类会一直处于阻塞状态，直到其他线程调用countDown方法，使当前计数器的值为0（计数器不可以重置）使用场景：程序执行需要等待某个条件完成之后才能继续执行后续的操作，典型应用例如：并行计算（当某个处理的运算量很大的时候，可以将该运算任务拆分为多个子任务，等待所有子任务都执行完之后，父任务再拿到所有父任务运行结果进行汇总）。
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

@Slf4j
public class CountDownLatchExample1 {
    private final static int threadCount = 20;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(threadCount);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    test(threadNum);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                } finally {
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        log.info("finish");
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    private static  void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(100);
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(100);
    }
}

输出结果

15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 0
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-8] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 7
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-19] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 18
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 5
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-7] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 6
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 3
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 4
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 2
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 1
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-9] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 8
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-18] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 17
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 9
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-17] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 16
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-11] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 10
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-20] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 19
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-16] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 15
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-13] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 12
15:54:06.904 [pool-1-thread-12] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 11
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-15] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 14
15:54:06.905 [pool-1-thread-14] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - 13
15:54:07.009 [main] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample1 - finish

案例2（起了很多线程去完成任务，但是这个任务指向给指定的时间，操作这个时间没做完，也不管了）

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Slf4j
public class CountDownLatchExample2 {
    private final static int threadCount = 200;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(threadCount);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    test(threadNum);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                } finally {
                    countDownLatch.countDown();
                }
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        log.info("finish");
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
    }
}
输出结果
15:57:13.433 [main] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - finish
15:57:14.423 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 0
15:57:14.435 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 3
15:57:14.436 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 2
15:57:14.436 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 1
15:57:14.438 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 4
15:57:14.441 [pool-1-thread-8] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 7
15:57:14.442 [pool-1-thread-7] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 6
15:57:14.442 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 5
15:57:14.442 [pool-1-thread-11] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 10
15:57:14.443 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 9
15:57:14.443 [pool-1-thread-9] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 8
15:57:14.443 [pool-1-thread-13] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 12
15:57:14.443 [pool-1-thread-12] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 11
15:57:14.443 [pool-1-thread-15] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 14
15:57:14.444 [pool-1-thread-14] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 13
15:57:14.444 [pool-1-thread-20] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 19
15:57:14.444 [pool-1-thread-19] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 18
15:57:14.447 [pool-1-thread-18] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 17
15:57:14.447 [pool-1-thread-16] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 15
15:57:14.447 [pool-1-thread-17] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.CountDownLatchExample2 - 16
调用shutdown并不是第一时间将线程都全部销毁掉，而是让当前已有的线程全部执行完，之后再把这个线程池销毁掉。Semaphore 信号量(控制并发访问的线程个数，类似于有限的链表，常用语仅能提供有限个访问的资源,比如 控制数据库连接数)
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

@Slf4j
public class SemaphoreExample1 {
    private final static int threadCount = 20;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire(); // 每次获取一个许可
                    test(threadNum);
                    semaphore.release(); // 每次释放一个许可
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
            });
        }
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

输出结果(一次3条输出)

15:59:19.291 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 1
15:59:19.291 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 0
15:59:19.291 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 2
15:59:20.309 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 3
15:59:20.310 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 4
15:59:20.310 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 5
15:59:21.310 [pool-1-thread-7] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 6
15:59:21.310 [pool-1-thread-8] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 7
15:59:21.311 [pool-1-thread-9] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 8
15:59:22.310 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 9
15:59:22.310 [pool-1-thread-11] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 10
15:59:22.311 [pool-1-thread-12] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 11
15:59:23.311 [pool-1-thread-13] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 12
15:59:23.311 [pool-1-thread-14] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 13
15:59:23.312 [pool-1-thread-15] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 14
15:59:24.311 [pool-1-thread-16] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 15
15:59:24.311 [pool-1-thread-17] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 16
15:59:24.312 [pool-1-thread-18] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 17
15:59:25.312 [pool-1-thread-20] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 19
15:59:25.312 [pool-1-thread-19] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample1 - 18

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

@Slf4j
public class SemaphoreExample2 {
    private final static int threadCount = 20;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire(3); // 每次获取多个许可
                    test(threadNum);
                    semaphore.release(3); // 每次释放多个许可
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
            });
        }
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

输出结果（一次一条输出）

16:00:37.474 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 0
16:00:38.480 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 1
16:00:39.480 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 2
16:00:40.481 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 3
16:00:41.482 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 4
16:00:42.482 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 5
16:00:43.483 [pool-1-thread-7] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 6
16:00:44.483 [pool-1-thread-8] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 7
16:00:45.484 [pool-1-thread-9] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 8
16:00:46.484 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 9
16:00:47.484 [pool-1-thread-11] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 10
16:00:48.485 [pool-1-thread-12] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 11
16:00:49.485 [pool-1-thread-13] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 12
16:00:50.485 [pool-1-thread-14] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 13
16:00:51.486 [pool-1-thread-15] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 14
16:00:52.486 [pool-1-thread-17] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 16
16:00:53.486 [pool-1-thread-16] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 15
16:00:54.486 [pool-1-thread-18] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 17
16:00:55.487 [pool-1-thread-19] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 18
16:00:56.488 [pool-1-thread-20] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample2 - 19

案例（假如当前并发数是3，超过3个就丢弃）

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Slf4j
public class SemaphoreExample3 {
    private final static int threadCount = 20;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    if (semaphore.tryAcquire()) { // 尝试获取一个许可
                        test(threadNum);
                        semaphore.release(); // 释放一个许可
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
            });
        }
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

输出结果

16:01:45.406 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample3 - 1
16:01:45.405 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample3 - 0
16:01:45.413 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample3 - 2
尝试获得许可，只让执行5秒
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Slf4j
public class SemaphoreExample4 {
    private final static int threadCount = 20;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
        for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
            final int threadNum = i;
            exec.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    if (semaphore.tryAcquire(5000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) { // 尝试获取一个许可
                        test(threadNum);
                        semaphore.release(); // 释放一个许可
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error("exception", e);
                }
            });
        }
        exec.shutdown();
    }

    private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
        log.info("{}", threadNum);
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}

输出结果(一次三条输出)

16:02:31.454 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 2
16:02:31.454 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 0
16:02:31.454 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 1
16:02:32.463 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 3
16:02:32.464 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 4
16:02:32.464 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 5
16:02:33.464 [pool-1-thread-8] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 7
16:02:33.464 [pool-1-thread-7] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 6
16:02:33.465 [pool-1-thread-9] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 8
16:02:34.465 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 9
16:02:34.465 [pool-1-thread-11] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 10
16:02:34.466 [pool-1-thread-12] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 11
16:02:35.465 [pool-1-thread-13] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 12
16:02:35.466 [pool-1-thread-14] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 13
16:02:35.466 [pool-1-thread-15] INFO com.mmall.concurrency.example.aqs.SemaphoreExample4 - 14


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