Nginx+PHP+MySQL+phpMyAdmin 环境搭建与使用（12.04.4 LTS）
安装 Nginx
~$ sudo apt-get install nginx The following extra packages will be installed: libgd2-noxpm libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 nginx-common nginx-full Suggested packages: libgd-tools The following NEW packages will be installed: libgd2-noxpm libjpeg-turbo8 libjpeg8 nginx nginx-common nginx-full
查看 nginx 都安装了哪些文件及安装目录：
~$ dpkg -l | grep nginx ii nginx 1.1.19-1ubuntu0.7 small, but very powerful and efficient web server and mail proxy ii nginx-common 1.1.19-1ubuntu0.7 small, but very powerful and efficient web server (common files) ii nginx-full 1.1.19-1ubuntu0.7 nginx web server with full set of core modules
~$ dpkg -L nginx ~$ dpkg -L nginx-common ~$ dpkg -L nginx-full重点留意如下文件：
/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/nginx/www /usr/share/nginx/www/index.html /usr/share/nginx/www/50x.html /etc/init.d/nginx /etc/ufw/applications.d/nginx /etc/default/nginx /etc/nginx /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/logrotate.d/nginx /var/lib/nginx /var/log/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx
配置：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
日志：/var/log/nginx
默认网页：/usr/share/nginx/www/index.html
Nginx 基本使用
Nginx 的使用非常简洁，通过 nginx -h 或 man nginx 即可查看。常用命令：
nginx -t: test configuration and exit
nginx -s stop: fast shutdown
nginx -s quit: graceful shutdown(一般关闭 nginx 用此选项)
nginx -s reload: reloading the configuration file
nginx -s reopen: reopening the log files
nginx -p prefix : set prefix path(prefix 并非是 working directory,仅仅是默认配置路径(prefix/conf/nginx.conf)、默认日志路径(prefix/logs/error.log, prefix/logs/access.log)、默认d 文件目录(prefix/logs/nginx.pid)等的前缀，因此，配置中的相对路径(logs/nginx.pid, ogs/access.log,
etc.)不是相对 working directory, 而是相对 prefix，它自身的默认值在 configure 时指定)(https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/installoptions/)
Note: -s 是发送信号，那么怎么知道往哪个进程发送信号呢？关键在于 pid 文件，pid 文件存有进程的 pid, 执行 -s 操作就是向这个 pid 发送信号，但是 pid 文件的配置跟 prefix 和配置文件（pid 指令）都相关，因此执行 -s 操作的命令必须跟启动命令匹配，即：
如果启动命令是：
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /opt/nginx/ -c /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf那么，-s 命令就是：
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -p /opt/nginx/ -c /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf -s quit如果不匹配，则很可能找不到 pid 文件或找到错误的 pid 文件，可能杀死其他进程，产生意想不到的后果。笔者就是在一台机器上部署了两套 nginx, 一套生产用，一套测试用，生产采用默认配置，结果不小心结束测试用的 nginx 时没有指定这些参数，意外把生产环境的 nginx 结束了。
~$ sudo nginx ~$ ps aux | grep nginx root 2851 0.0 0.0 62864 1212 ? Ss 22:45 0:00 nginx: master process nginx www-data 2852 0.0 0.0 63220 1900 ? S 22:45 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 2853 0.0 0.0 63220 1900 ? S 22:45 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 2854 0.0 0.0 63220 1640 ? S 22:45 0:00 nginx: worker process www-data 2855 0.0 0.0 63220 1896 ? S 22:45 0:00 nginx: worker process hwx 2857 0.0 0.0 9392 940 pts/0 S+ 22:45 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx ~$ sudo nginx -s quit ~$ ps aux | grep nginx hwx 2862 0.0 0.0 9392 940 pts/0 S+ 22:45 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
启动 nginx 之后通过浏览器访问，将显示 /usr/share/nginx/www/index.html 中的内容。
References
http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html
http://wiki.nginx.org/CommandLine
Nginx 配置
Nginx 配置的基本原则
1. 每一个配置项都是一个指令（directive），http://nginx.org/en/docs/dirindex.html
2. nginx 由多个模块组成，http://nginx.org/en/docs/
3. 每个指令属于一个上下文环境（context），如 http 指令属于最顶层的 context(main)(http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#http), 而 sever 属于 http 这个 context(http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html#server); 每个指令属于特性的模块，如 http 指令属于 http core 模块（http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html）
例子——配置多个虚拟主机
Virtual Host 是 Apache httpd 的叫法，在 Nginx 中，虚拟主机叫"Server Block"(http://wiki.nginx.org/ServerBlockExample).配置虚拟主机可以在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 的 http block 中直接添加 server block, 但是这样做不够优雅, /etc/nginx/nginx.conf http block 有这么一段：
http {
......
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}可以用文件包含的方式，一个文件配置一个主机，事实上，我们在安装完 nginx 之后访问 http://localhost/ 出现的页面正是 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default 呈现的。下面我们增加两个虚拟主机，一个是 example.com(www.example.com), 一个是 example-php.com(www.example-php.com). 配置文件分别为 /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf 和 /etc/nginx/conf.d/example-php.com.conf.
配置变更之后注意先测试配置文件是否正确：
~$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: [emerg] open() "/var/log/nginx/example.com/access.log" failed (2: No such file or directory) nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed ~$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful配置的日志目录必须手动创建，所以要先创建 /var/log/nginx/example.com 目录，测试通过之后 reload 一下, example.com.conf 内容如下：
server {
listen 80;
root /var/www/example.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
# Make site accessible from http://example.com/, http://www.example.com/
server_name example.com www.example.com;
#location / {
# # First attempt to serve request as file, then
# # as directory, then fall back to index.html
# try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
# # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location
# # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
#}
access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com/error.log;
# /var/www/example.com/404.html
error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/www;
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
# NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
#fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}注意：上述配置如果将 "location /" 打开，将会导致无论输什么 url 都不会返回 404, 具体原因去搜索一下 location 的规则。
直接通过 ip 访问的问题
我们配置了 3 个 server block(/etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf, /etc/nginx/conf.d/example-php.com.conf, /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default ), 但是通过 ip 访问总是访问的是 example-php.com, 原因是因为读取配置时 example-php.com 是第一个 server block, 如果不显式设置 default server 就以第一个作为 default server. default server 最多只能指定一个，同时将 example.com 和 example-php.com 都指定为 default server:
~$ sudo nginx -t nginx: [emerg] a duplicate default server for 0.0.0.0:80 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/example.com.conf:2 nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed
指定 default server 的方法：
listen 80 default;
只监听内网 IP
listen 指令如果只配置端口号，默认是监听 0.0.0.0:<port> 的，如果只想监听部分 ip, 可以显式指定监听 ip, 如 127.0.0.1:80References
http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html
http://wiki.nginx.org/PHPFcgiExample
http://wiki.nginx.org/FullExample
http://wiki.nginx.org/FullExample2
php 和 nginx 配合只能使用 FastCGI 模式，因此除了安装 php 以外，还需安装 PHP FPM (FastCGI Process Manager)。
原理见：http://ixdba.blog.51cto.com/2895551/806622(Nginx+FastCGI运行原理)
安装 PHP
~$ sudo apt-get install php5 The following extra packages will be installed: apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common libapache2-mod-php5 libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap php5-cli php5-common Suggested packages: apache2-doc apache2-suexec apache2-suexec-custom php-pear php5-suhosin The following NEW packages will be installed: apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils apache2.2-bin apache2.2-common libapache2-mod-php5 libapr1 libaprutil1 libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1-ldap php5 php5-cli php5-common 0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 0 to remove and 130 not upgraded.
~$ dpkg -l | grep php ii libapache2-mod-php5 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.17 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (Apache 2 module) ii php5 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.17 server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language (metapackage) ii php5-cli 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.17 command-line interpreter for the php5 scripting language ii php5-common 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.17 Common files for packages built from the php5 sourcephp5-cli 为 php 的命令行解释器。
~$ dpkg -L php5 ~$ dpkg -L php5-common ~$ dpkg -L php5-cli一些重要的文件：
/usr/lib/php5 /var/lib/php5 /etc/cron.d/php5 /etc/php5 /etc/php5/conf.d /etc/php5/conf.d/pdo.ini /etc/php5/cli /etc/php5/cli/conf.d
安装 PHP-FPM
~$ sudo apt-get install php5-fpm Suggested packages: php-pear The following NEW packages will be installed: php5-fpm 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 130 not upgraded. ... Creating config file /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini with new version
一些重要的文件：
~$ dpkg -L php5-fpm /usr/sbin/php5-fpm /etc/init.d/php5-fpm /etc/php5/fpm /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d
配置：/etc/php5/fpm/php.ini(安装包时创建), /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf, /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf(工作进程的配置)
可执行文件：/usr/sbin/php5-fpm
PHP-FPM 基本使用
~$ sudo service php5-fpm
Usage: /etc/init.d/php5-fpm {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload}~$ sudo service php5-fpm status * php5-fpm is running ~$ ps aux | grep php-fpm root 1784 0.0 0.1 59164 3756 ? Ss 17:42 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf) www-data 1785 0.0 0.1 59164 3264 ? S 17:42 0:00 php-fpm: pool www www-data 1786 0.0 0.1 59164 3264 ? S 17:42 0:00 php-fpm: pool www www-data 1787 0.0 0.1 59164 3264 ? S 17:42 0:00 php-fpm: pool www www-data 1788 0.0 0.1 59164 3264 ? S 17:42 0:00 php-fpm: pool www hwx 2281 0.0 0.0 9392 944 pts/0 S+ 18:17 0:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm
用户和用户组
php-fpm 工作进程的用户和用户组要和 nginx 的工作进程的用户和用户组配成一致（没有验证不一致是是否有问题，可能跟 Web Server 交互时 TCP 方式无所谓，但是 UNIX socket 方式会涉及到权限问题，见下文 /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 中的提示）：
~$ ps -e -o cmd,pid,user,uid,group,gid | grep php-fpm CMD PID USER UID GROUP GID php-fpm: master process (/e 1784 root 0 root 0 php-fpm: pool www 1785 www-data 33 www-data 33 php-fpm: pool www 1786 www-data 33 www-data 33 php-fpm: pool www 1787 www-data 33 www-data 33 php-fpm: pool www 1788 www-data 33 www-data 33 grep --color=auto php-fpm 2314 hwx 1000 hwx 1000 ~$ ps -e -o cmd,pid,user,uid,group,gid | grep nginx CMD PID USER UID GROUP GID nginx: master process /usr/ 1523 root 0 root 0 nginx: worker process 1524 www-data 33 www-data 33 nginx: worker process 1525 www-data 33 www-data 33 nginx: worker process 1526 www-data 33 www-data 33 nginx: worker process 1527 www-data 33 www-data 33 grep --color=auto nginx 2316 hwx 1000 hwx 1000默认都是 www-data 用户和 www-data 用户组，无需修改，如果需要修改，请按如下方式修改：
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user www-data; worker_processes 4; pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
; Unix user/group of processes ; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user"s group ; will be used. user = www-data group = www-data ; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write ; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many ; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. ; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user ; mode is set to 0660 ;listen.owner = www-data ;listen.group = www-data ;listen.mode = 0660
监听地址
nginx 和 php-fpm 的工作方式是：nginx 作为 proxy, 将请求转发给 php-fpm. 因此，nginx 监听客户端来的请求，nginx 绑定 tcp:80 端口；php-fpm 监听 nginx 来的请求，也需要绑定一个端口，这样 nginx 才能向 php-fpm 发起请求，如果双方都在同一台机器，那么 php-fpm 既可以绑定 tcp 端口，又可以直接使用 UNIX socket, 我们看一下默认情况：
~$ sudo netstat -ap Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 localhost:9000 *:* LISTEN 1784/php-fpm.conf) tcp 0 0 *:http *:* LISTEN 1523/nginx ... Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10187 1784/php-fpm.conf) unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11489 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11491 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11492 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11490 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11488 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10188 1784/php-fpm.conf) unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11494 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11487 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11493 1523/nginx
~$ sudo netstat -anp Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1784/php-fpm.conf) tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1523/nginx ... Active UNIX domain sockets (servers and established) Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node PID/Program name Path unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10187 1784/php-fpm.conf) unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11489 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11491 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11492 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11490 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11488 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 10188 1784/php-fpm.conf) unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11494 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11487 1523/nginx unix 3 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 11493 1523/nginx可以看出，nginx 绑定 tcp:0.0.0.0:80, php-fpm 绑定 127.0.0.1:9000.
根据上文 nginx 的配置，我们在 /var/www/example-php.com 目录创建 phpinfo.php 文件，内容如下：
<?php
phpinfo();
?>访问 http://example-php.com/phpinfo.php 看是否出现 phpinfo() 打印的信息。改用 UNIX socket 通信
修改 php5-fpm 的配置文件：~$ sudo vi /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf ; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests. ; Valid syntaxes are: ; "ip.add.re.ss:port" - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on ; a specific port; ; "port" - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a ; specific port; ; "/path/to/unix/socket" - to listen on a unix socket. ; Note: This value is mandatory. ;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d$ sudo php5-fpm -t [11-Apr-2015 23:12:36] NOTICE: configuration file /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf test is successful测试配置文件没问题之后重启 php5-fpm.
修改 nginx 配置文件：
/etc/nginx$ sudo vi conf.d/example-php.com.conf #fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;测试没问题之后重启 nginx.
访问 http://example-php.com/phpinfo.php 时出现错误：
==> error.log <== 2015/04/11 23:16:57 [crit] 5274#0: *58 connect() to unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.142.1, server: example-php.com, request: "GET /phpinfo.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock:", host: "example-php.com"是 /var/run/php5-fpm.sock 的权限问题：
~$ ll /var/run/php5-fpm.sock srw-rw---- 1 root root 0 Apr 11 23:13 /var/run/php5-fpm.sock=
/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf 开启如下三项：
; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write ; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many ; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. ; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user ; mode is set to 0660 listen.owner = www-data listen.group = www-data listen.mode = 0660
再查看：
~$ ll /var/run/php5-fpm.sock srw-rw---- 1 www-data www-data 0 Apr 11 23:22 /var/run/php5-fpm.sock=问题解决。
安装
~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server The following extra packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libhtml-template-perl libmysqlclient18 libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client-5.5 mysql-common mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 Suggested packages: libipc-sharedcache-perl tinyca mailx The following NEW packages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libhtml-template-perl libmysqlclient18 libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client mysql-client-5.5 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 130 not upgraded.
~$ sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin The following extra packages will be installed: dbconfig-common fontconfig-config libfontconfig1 libgd2-xpm libmcrypt4 libt1-5 libxpm4 php5-gd php5-mcrypt php5-mysql ttf-dejavu-core Suggested packages: libgd-tools libmcrypt-dev mcrypt The following packages will be REMOVED: libgd2-noxpm The following NEW packages will be installed: dbconfig-common fontconfig-config libfontconfig1 libgd2-xpm libmcrypt4 libt1-5 libxpm4 php5-gd php5-mcrypt php5-mysql phpmyadmin ttf-dejavu-core 0 upgraded, 12 newly installed, 1 to remove and 130 not upgraded.
┌────────────────────────────────┤ Configuring phpmyadmin ├────────────────────────────────┐ │ Please choose the web server that should be automatically configured to run phpMyAdmin. │ │ │ │ Web server to reconfigure automatically: │ │ │ │ [*] apache2 │ │ [ ] lighttpd │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
没有 nginx 的选项，直接先选 apache2.
┌─────────────────────────────────┤ Configuring phpmyadmin ├──────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ The phpmyadmin package must have a database installed and configured before it can be │ │ used. This can be optionally handled with dbconfig-common. │ │ │ │ If you are an advanced database administrator and know that you want to perform this │ │ configuration manually, or if your database has already been installed and configured, you │ │ should refuse this option. Details on what needs to be done should most likely be │ │ provided in /usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin. │ │ │ │ Otherwise, you should probably choose this option. │ │ │ │ Configure database for phpmyadmin with dbconfig-common? │ │ │ │ <Yes> <No> │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘由于之前没有配置过 MySQL, 所以这部也 "Yes".
dbconfig-common: writing config to /etc/dbconfig-common/phpmyadmin.conf Creating config file /etc/dbconfig-common/phpmyadmin.conf with new version Creating config file /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php with new version granting access to database phpmyadmin for phpmyadmin@localhost: success. verifying access for phpmyadmin@localhost: success. creating database phpmyadmin: success. verifying database phpmyadmin exists: success. populating database via sql... done. dbconfig-common: flushing administrative password Processing triggers for libc-bin ... ldconfig deferred processing now taking place过程中会修改 /etc/dbconfig-common/phpmyadmin.conf 和 /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php, 并创建一个 phpmyadmin@localhost 的 MySQL 账户并将信息写入 /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php.
我们看一下 phpMyAdmin 都安装了哪些文件：
~$ dpkg -L phpmyadmin /etc/phpmyadmin /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf /etc/phpmyadmin/config.footer.inc.php /etc/phpmyadmin/config.header.inc.php /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php /etc/phpmyadmin/lighttpd.conf /etc/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.desktop /etc/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin.service /usr/share/phpmyadmin /usr/share/dbconfig-common/data/phpmyadmin配置：/etc/phpmyadmin
项目目录：/usr/share/phpmyadmin
访问 phpMyAdmin
为 phpMyAdmin 创建 nginx 的虚拟主机：
server {
listen 80;
root /usr/share/phpmyadmin;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
# Make site accessible from http://phpmyadmin.xxx/, http://www.phpmyadmin.xxx/
server_name phpmyadmin.xxx www.phpmyadmin.xxx;
access_log /var/log/nginx/phpmyadmin/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/phpmyadmin/error.log;
# /var/www/example-php.com/404.html
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /var/www/example-php.com;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/www;
}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(/.+)$;
# NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}/etc/nginx/conf.d$ ls example.com.conf example-php.com.conf phpmyadmin.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: [emerg] open() "/var/log/nginx/phpmyadmin/access.log" failed (2: No such file or directory) nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed /etc/nginx/conf.d$ sudo mkdir /var/log/nginx/phpmyadmin /etc/nginx/conf.d$ sudo nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
访问 http://phpmyadmin.xxx/ 时发现会出现如下错误：
缺少 mysqli 扩展。请检查 PHP 配置。
配置 php 的 mysql 和 mysqli 扩展
访问 http://example-php.com/phpinfo.php 根本找不到 mysql 和 mysqli 的项，所以是 php-fpm 配置 mysql 和 mysqli 扩展的部分除了问题。
那么，mysql 和 mysqli 是啥东东呢？其实他是 php 的 mysql 扩展，看名字的确以为是 mysql 自带了，我们从安装包中可以找到踪迹：
$ dpkg -l | grep mysql ii libdbd-mysql-perl 4.020-1build2 Perl5 database interface to the MySQL database ii libmysqlclient18 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database client library ii mysql-client 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database client (metapackage depending on the latest version) ii mysql-client-5.5 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database client binaries ii mysql-client-core-5.5 5.5.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database core client binaries ii mysql-common 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database common files, e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf ii mysql-server 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database server (metapackage depending on the latest version) ii mysql-server-5.5 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database server binaries and system database setup ii mysql-server-core-5.5 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 MySQL database server binaries ii php5-mysql 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.17 MySQL module for php5 $ dpkg -L mysql-server-core-5.5 /usr/bin/my_print_defaults /usr/bin/mysql_install_db /usr/bin/mysql_upgrade /usr/sbin/mysqld $ dpkg -L mysql-server-5.5 /usr/bin/myisamlog /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqld_multi /usr/bin/myisampack /usr/bin/mysql_convert_table_format /usr/bin/mysql_zap /usr/bin/mysql_setpermission /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/resolveip /usr/bin/perror /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy /usr/bin/mysqltest /usr/bin/msql2mysql /usr/bin/mysqld_safe /usr/bin/myisamchk /usr/bin/replace /usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/bin/resolve_stack_dump /usr/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql/plugin /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_test_plugin.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ha_example.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/qa_auth_server.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/adt_null.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth_socket.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/qa_auth_interface.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/auth.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/mypluglib.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/semisync_master.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/semisync_slave.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/qa_auth_client.so /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/libdaemon_example.so /etc/mysql /etc/mysql/conf.d /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf /etc/mysql/debian-start /etc/init/mysql.conf /etc/init.d/mysql $ dpkg -L mysql-common /etc/mysql /etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/conf.d $ dpkg -L mysql-client-core-5.5 /usr/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysqlcheck $ dpkg -L mysql-client-5.5 /usr/bin/mysql_plugin /usr/bin/mysqlimport /usr/bin/mysqldumpslow /usr/bin/innochecksum /usr/bin/mysqlshow /usr/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin/mysqlbug /usr/bin/mysqldump /usr/bin/mysql_find_rows /usr/bin/mysqlaccess /usr/bin/mysql_client_test /usr/bin/myisam_ftdump /usr/bin/mysqlreport /usr/bin/mysql_waitpid /usr/bin/mysqlslap /usr/bin/innotop /usr/bin/mysql_fix_extensions /usr/bin/mysqlanalyze /usr/bin/mysqloptimize /usr/bin/mysqlrepair $ dpkg -L libmysqlclient18 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmysqlclient.so.18.0.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmysqlclient_r.so.18 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmysqlclient_r.so.18.0.0 $ dpkg -L php5-mysql /usr/lib/php5 /usr/lib/php5/20090626 /usr/lib/php5/20090626/pdo_mysql.so /usr/lib/php5/20090626/mysql.so /usr/lib/php5/20090626/mysqli.so /etc/php5 /etc/php5/conf.d /etc/php5/conf.d/pdo_mysql.ini /etc/php5/conf.d/mysqli.ini /etc/php5/conf.d/mysql.ini从最后一个包 php5-mysql 可以看出，mysql.so, mysqli.so 都是 php-mysql 包安装的。那么接下来我们该如何修改配置呢？
配置非常多：
~$ ls /etc/php5/ apache2 cli conf.d fpm
由于我们这里是通过 php-fpm 在运行 php, 所以应该修改 php-fpm 的配置，查看一下现有配置：
/etc/php5/fpm/conf.d$ cat mysql.ini mysqli.ini pdo_mysql.ini ; configuration for php MySQL module extension=mysql.so ; configuration for php MySQL module extension=mysqli.so ; configuration for php MySQL module extension=pdo_mysql.so根据上面 php5-mysql 包中 so 的路径情况看，这里的路径是不正确的，因此将每个 so 的路径改为 "/usr/lib/php5/20090626/xxx.so", 测试没问题：
$ sudo php5-fpm -t [12-Apr-2015 17:48:44] NOTICE: configuration file /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf test is successful成功访问 http://phpmyadmin.xxx/, 访问 http://example-php.com/phpinfo.php 时也出现了 mysql, mysqli,pdo_mysql 的项。
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