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用CSS3实现图像风格

      译自:http://webdesignerwall.com/tutorials/css3-image-styles

      转载请标明出处:蒋宇捷的博客(http://blog.csdn.net/hfahe

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当在图像元素上直接使用CSS3内阴影或者圆角边框时,浏览器对于CSS样式的渲染并不完美。但是,如果图像作为背景图像使用时,你可以为它添加任何样式,而且可以实现完美的渲染。Darcy Clarke和我一起编写了一个如何使用jQuery来动态创建完美圆角边框的快速教程。今天我要重启这个话题,向你展示使用CSS的背景图像技巧我们还可以做多少事情。我将向你展示如何使用盒阴影、圆角边框和转换来创建不同的图像样式。


查看演示

问题(见演示
查看演示,你会发现第一排的图像应用了圆角边框和内阴影。Firefox在图片元素上支持圆角边框,但是不支持内阴影的渲染。Chrome和Safari完全不支持圆角边框和内阴影的渲染。

解决方案
要使用圆角边框和内阴影,解决方案是把所需的图像设置为背景图像。

动态的方式
要采用动态的方式实现,你可以使用jQuery来将每一个图像元素动态的包装为背景图像。如下的jQuery代码使用span标签来包装所有的图像,并且将图像应用为背景图像(jQuery代码来自Darcy Clarke)。

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.5/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){

  $("img").load(function() {
    $(this).wrap(function(){
      return "<span class="image-wrap " + $(this).attr("class") + "" style="position:relative; display:inline-block; background:url(" + $(this).attr("src") + ") no-repeat center center; width: " + $(this).width() + "px; height: " + $(this).height() + "px;" />";
    });
    $(this).css("opacity","0");
  });

});
</script>

输出
上面的代码将输入如下的HTML代码:

<span class="image-wrap " style="position:relative; display:inline-block; background:url(image.jpg) no-repeat center center; width: 150px; height: 150px;">
	<img src="image.jpg" style="opacity: 0;">
</span>

圆形图像(见演示
现在图片已经被应用为背景图像,你几乎可以为它添加任何样式。如下是一个用圆角边框创建的简单圆形图像。如果你还不熟悉CSS3,请阅读我对CSS3的基础教程

CSS

.circle .image-wrap {
	-webkit-border-radius: 50em;
	-moz-border-radius: 50em;
	border-radius: 50em;
}

卡片风格(见演示
如下是一个用多内阴影值创建的卡片图像样式。

CSS

.card .image-wrap {
	-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.4);
	-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.4);
	box-shadow: inset 0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.4);

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

浮雕风格(见演示

做一些调整,我可以将卡片样式变成浮雕样式。

CSS

.embossed .image-wrap {
	-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);
	-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);
	box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

软浮雕风格(见演示
这几乎和浮雕样式相同,我只加了1个像素的模糊。

CSS

.embossed .image-wrap {
	-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);
	-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);
	box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.8), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.5), inset 0 -7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 -9px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3);

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

剪贴画风格(见演示
再次通过对内阴影的调整,我可以让它看起来像一个剪贴画效果。

CSS

.cut-out .image-wrap {
	-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), inset 0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6);
	-moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), inset 0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6);
	box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.2), inset 0 4px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.6), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.6);

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

变形和发光(见演示
在这个例子汇总,我为图像的包装元素添加了transition。当鼠标滑过,它会从圆角边框变为圆形并添加发光的效果。发光效果采用多盒阴影值实现。

CSS

.morphing-glowing .image-wrap {
	-webkit-transition: 1s;
	-moz-transition: 1s;
	transition: 1s;

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

.morphing-glowing .image-wrap:hover {
	-webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,.6), inset 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,1);
	-moz-box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,.6), inset 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,1);
	box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,.6), inset 0 0 20px rgba(255,255,255,1);

	-webkit-border-radius: 60em;
	-moz-border-radius: 60em;
	border-radius: 60em;
}

光泽覆盖(见演示
我们采用:after伪类元素实现如下的光泽渐变覆盖效果。

CSS

.glossy .image-wrap {
	-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5);
	-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5);
	box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5);

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

.glossy .image-wrap:after {
	position: absolute;
	content: " ";
	width: 100%;
	height: 50%;
	top: 0;
	left: 0;

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;

	background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);
	background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.1)));
	background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);
}

投影(见演示
在这个例子中,我将覆盖渐变换到底部来创建投影效果。

CSS

.reflection .image-wrap:after {
	position: absolute;
	content: " ";
	width: 100%;
	height: 30px;
	bottom: -31px;
	left: 0;

	-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;
	-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius-topleft: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius-topright: 20px;
	border-top-left-radius: 20px;
	border-top-right-radius: 20px;

	background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,.3) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);
	background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(0,0,0,.3)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,0)));
	background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(0,0,0,.3) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0) 100%);
}

.reflection .image-wrap:hover {
	position: relative;
	top: -8px;
}

光泽和投影(见演示
在这个示例中,我将:before和:after合并,用来创建带投影效果的光泽头像。

CSS

.glossy-reflection .image-wrap {
	-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.6);
	-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.6);
	box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.6);

	-webkit-transition: 1s;
	-moz-transition: 1s;
	transition: 1s;

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

.glossy-reflection .image-wrap:before {
	position: absolute;
	content: " ";
	width: 100%;
	height: 50%;
	top: 0;
	left: 0;

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;

	background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);
	background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7)), color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.1)));
	background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.1) 100%);
}

.glossy-reflection .image-wrap:after {
	position: absolute;
	content: " ";
	width: 100%;
	height: 30px;
	bottom: -31px;
	left: 0;

	-webkit-border-top-left-radius: 20px;
	-webkit-border-top-right-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius-topleft: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius-topright: 20px;
	border-top-left-radius: 20px;
	border-top-right-radius: 20px;

	background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(230,230,230,.3) 0%, rgba(230,230,230,0) 100%);
	background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(230,230,230,.3)), color-stop(100%,rgba(230,230,230,0)));
	background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(230,230,230,.3) 0%,rgba(230,230,230,0) 100%);
}

磁带风格(见演示
这里使用:after来在图像的上部创建磁带式的渐变。

CSS

.tape .image-wrap {
	-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.7), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.4);
	-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.7), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.4);
	box-shadow: inset 0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,.7), inset 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5), 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.4);
}

.tape .image-wrap:after {
	position: absolute;
	content: " ";
	width: 60px;
	height: 25px;
	top: -10px;
	left: 50%;
	margin-left: -30px;
	border: solid 1px rgba(137,130,48,.2);

	background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(254,243,127,.6) 0%, rgba(240,224,54,.6) 100%);
	background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(254,243,127,.6)), color-stop(100%,rgba(240,224,54,.6)));
	background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(254,243,127,.6) 0%,rgba(240,224,54,.6) 100%);
	-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.3), 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}

变形和上色(见演示
在如下的示例里,我使用:after元素在鼠标滑过时创建径向渐变。

CSS

.morphing-tinting .image-wrap {
	position: relative;

	-webkit-transition: 1s;
	-moz-transition: 1s;
	transition: 1s;

	-webkit-border-radius: 20px;
	-moz-border-radius: 20px;
	border-radius: 20px;
}

.morphing-tinting .image-wrap:hover {
	-webkit-border-radius: 30em;
	-moz-border-radius: 30em;
	border-radius: 30em;
}

.morphing-tinting .image-wrap:after {
	position: absolute;
	content: " ";
	width: 100%;
	height: 100%;
	top: 0;
	left: 0;

	-webkit-transition: 1s;
	-moz-transition: 1s;
	transition: 1s;

	-webkit-border-radius: 30em;
	-moz-border-radius: 30em;
	border-radius: 30em;
}
.morphing-tinting .image-wrap:hover:after  {
	background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 50% 50%, 40, 50% 50%, 80, from(rgba(0,0,0,0)), to(rgba(0,0,0,1)));
	background: -moz-radial-gradient(50% 50%, circle, rgba(0,0,0,0) 40px, rgba(0,0,0,1) 80px);
}

羽毛边圈(见演示
径向渐变还可以作为遮罩使用来创建圆形的羽毛效果,如下所示。

CSS

.feather .image-wrap {
	position: relative;

	-webkit-border-radius: 30em;
	-moz-border-radius: 30em;
	border-radius: 30em;
}

.feather .image-wrap:after  {
	position: absolute;
	content: " ";
	width: 100%;
	height: 100%;
	top: 0;
	left: 0;

	background: -webkit-gradient(radial, 50% 50%, 50, 50% 50%, 70, from(rgba(255,255,255,0)), to(rgba(255,255,255,1)));
	background: -moz-radial-gradient(50% 50%, circle, rgba(255,255,255,0) 50px, rgba(255,255,255,1) 70px);
}

浏览器支持
这个技巧几乎可以工作在任何支持圆角边框、盒阴影、:after和:before的浏览器上(例如Chrome、Firefox和Safari)。不支持的浏览器会显示没有任何样式的图像。
使用你的创造力
正如你看到的一样,使用:before和:after伪元素你几乎可以创建任何图像风格。如果你有更富有创造力的图像风格,请在评论中分享。