牛骨文教育服务平台(让学习变的简单)

     这个文件我在今天分析学习的时候,一直有种似懂非懂的感觉,代码量700+的代码,最后开放给系统的就是一个process()方法。这里说的说的数据库检测,是针对key的检测,会用到,下面提到的结构体:

/* Data type to hold opcode with optional key name an success status */
/* 用于key的检测时使用,后续检测操作都用到了entry结构体 */
typedef struct {
	//key的名字
    char* key;
    //类型
    int type;
    //是否是成功状态
    char success;
} entry;

后续所涉及到的很多API都是与这个结构体相关,此代码最终检测的其实是一个叫dump.rdb的文件,在检测的后面还会加上循环冗余校验CRC64。下面亮出API:

int checkType(unsigned char t) /* 每当添加一个新的obj类型时,都要检测这个类型是否合理 */
int readBytes(void *target, long num) /* 在当前文件偏移量位置往后读取num个字节位置 */
int processHeader(void) /* 读取快照文件的头部,检测头部名称或版本号是否正确 */
int loadType(entry *e) /* 为entry赋上obj的Type */
int peekType() /* 弹出版本号 */
int processTime(int type) /* 去除用来表示时间的字节 */
uint32_t loadLength(int *isencoded) /* 分type读取长度 */
char *loadIntegerObject(int enctype) /* 根据当前整型的编码方式,获取数值,以字符形式返回 */
char* loadLzfStringObject() /* 获得解压后的字符串 */
char* loadStringObject() /* 获取当前文件信息字符串对象 */
int processStringObject(char**store) /* 将字符串对象赋给所传入的参数 */
double* loadDoubleValue() /* 文件中读取double类型值 */
int processDoubleValue(double**store) /* 对double类型进行赋予给参数 */
int loadPair(entry *e) /* 读取键值对 */
entry loadEntry() /* 获取entry的key结构体 */
void printCentered(int indent, int width, char* body) /* 输出界面对称的信息 */
void printValid(uint64_t ops, uint64_t bytes) /* 输出有效信息 */
void printSkipped(uint64_t bytes, uint64_t offset) /* 输出Skipped跳过bytes字节信息 */
void printErrorStack(entry *e) /* 输出错误栈的信息 */
void process(void) /* process方法是执行检测的主要方法 */

方法里面好多loadXXX()方法,这几个load方法的确比较有用,在这个检测文件中,编写者又很人性化的构造了error的结构体,用于模拟错误信息栈的输出。

/* Hold a stack of errors */
/* 错误信息结构体 */
typedef struct {
	//具体的错误信息字符串
    char error[16][1024];
    //内部偏移量
    size_t offset[16];
    //错误信息等级
    size_t level;
} errors_t;
static errors_t errors;

不同的level等级对应不同的出错信息。在API里有个比较关键的方法,loadEntry,获取key相关的结构体;

/* 获取entry的key结构体 */
entry loadEntry() {
    entry e = { NULL, -1, 0 };
    uint32_t length, offset[4];

    /* reset error container */
    errors.level = 0;

    offset[0] = CURR_OFFSET;
    //此处赋值type
    if (!loadType(&e)) {
        return e;
    }

    offset[1] = CURR_OFFSET;
    if (e.type == REDIS_SELECTDB) {
        if ((length = loadLength(NULL)) == REDIS_RDB_LENERR) {
            SHIFT_ERROR(offset[1], "Error reading database number");
            return e;
        }
        if (length > 63) {
            SHIFT_ERROR(offset[1], "Database number out of range (%d)", length);
            return e;
        }
    } else if (e.type == REDIS_EOF) {
        if (positions[level].offset < positions[level].size) {
            SHIFT_ERROR(offset[0], "Unexpected EOF");
        } else {
            e.success = 1;
        }
        return e;
    } else {
        /* optionally consume expire */
        if (e.type == REDIS_EXPIRETIME ||
            e.type == REDIS_EXPIRETIME_MS) {
            if (!processTime(e.type)) return e;
            if (!loadType(&e)) return e;
        }

        offset[1] = CURR_OFFSET;
        //调用loadPair为Entry赋值key
        if (!loadPair(&e)) {
            SHIFT_ERROR(offset[1], "Error for type %s", types[e.type]);
            return e;
        }
    }

    /* all entries are followed by a valid type:
     * e.g. a new entry, SELECTDB, EXPIRE, EOF */
    offset[2] = CURR_OFFSET;
    if (peekType() == -1) {
        SHIFT_ERROR(offset[2], "Followed by invalid type");
        SHIFT_ERROR(offset[0], "Error for type %s", types[e.type]);
        e.success = 0;
    } else {
        e.success = 1;
    }

    return e;
}

其中里面的关键的赋值key,value在loadPair()方法:

/* 读取键值对 */
int loadPair(entry *e) {
    uint32_t offset = CURR_OFFSET;
    uint32_t i;

    /* read key first */
    //首先从文件中读取key值
    char *key;
    if (processStringObject(&key)) {
        e->key = key;
    } else {
        SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading entry key");
        return 0;
    }

    uint32_t length = 0;
    if (e->type == REDIS_LIST ||
        e->type == REDIS_SET  ||
        e->type == REDIS_ZSET ||
        e->type == REDIS_HASH) {
        if ((length = loadLength(NULL)) == REDIS_RDB_LENERR) {
            SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading %s length", types[e->type]);
            return 0;
        }
    }

	//读取key值后面跟着的value值
    switch(e->type) {
    case REDIS_STRING:
    case REDIS_HASH_ZIPMAP:
    case REDIS_LIST_ZIPLIST:
    case REDIS_SET_INTSET:
    case REDIS_ZSET_ZIPLIST:
    case REDIS_HASH_ZIPLIST:
    	//因为类似ziplist,zipmap等结构体其实是一个个结点连接而成的超级字符串,所以是直接读取
        if (!processStringObject(NULL)) {
            SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading entry value");
            return 0;
        }
    break;
    case REDIS_LIST:
    case REDIS_SET:
        //而上面这2种是传统的结构,要分结点读取
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            offset = CURR_OFFSET;
            if (!processStringObject(NULL)) {
                SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading element at index %d (length: %d)", i, length);
                return 0;
            }
        }
    break;
    case REDIS_ZSET:
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            offset = CURR_OFFSET;
            if (!processStringObject(NULL)) {
                SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading element key at index %d (length: %d)", i, length);
                return 0;
            }
            offset = CURR_OFFSET;
            if (!processDoubleValue(NULL)) {
                SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading element value at index %d (length: %d)", i, length);
                return 0;
            }
        }
    break;
    case REDIS_HASH:
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            offset = CURR_OFFSET;
            if (!processStringObject(NULL)) {
                SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading element key at index %d (length: %d)", i, length);
                return 0;
            }
            offset = CURR_OFFSET;
            if (!processStringObject(NULL)) {
                SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Error reading element value at index %d (length: %d)", i, length);
                return 0;
            }
        }
    break;
    default:
        SHIFT_ERROR(offset, "Type not implemented");
        return 0;
    }
    /* because we"re done, we assume success */
    //只要执行过了,我们就认定为成功
    e->success = 1;
    return 1;
}

如果e-success=1则说明这个key的检测就过关了。为什么这么说呢,我们来看主检测方法process()方法:

/* process方法是执行检测的主要方法 */
void process(void) {
    uint64_t num_errors = 0, num_valid_ops = 0, num_valid_bytes = 0;
    entry entry;
    //读取文件头部获取快照文件版本号
    int dump_version = processHeader();

    /* Exclude the final checksum for RDB >= 5. Will be checked at the end. */
    if (dump_version >= 5) {
        if (positions[0].size < 8) {
            printf("RDB version >= 5 but no room for checksum.
");
            exit(1);
        }
        positions[0].size -= 8;
    }

    level = 1;
    while(positions[0].offset < positions[0].size) {
        positions[1] = positions[0];

        entry = loadEntry();
        if (!entry.success) {
        	//如果Entry不为成功状态
            printValid(num_valid_ops, num_valid_bytes);
            printErrorStack(&entry);
            num_errors++;
            num_valid_ops = 0;
            num_valid_bytes = 0;

            /* search for next valid entry */
            uint64_t offset = positions[0].offset + 1;
            int i = 0;
            
            //接着寻找后面3个有效entries
            while (!entry.success && offset < positions[0].size) {
                positions[1].offset = offset;

                /* find 3 consecutive valid entries */
                //寻找3个有效的entries
                for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                    entry = loadEntry();
                    if (!entry.success) break;
                }
                /* check if we found 3 consecutive valid entries */
                if (i < 3) {
                    offset++;
                }
            }

            /* print how many bytes we have skipped to find a new valid opcode */
            if (offset < positions[0].size) {
                printSkipped(offset - positions[0].offset, offset);
            }

            positions[0].offset = offset;
        } else {
            num_valid_ops++;
            num_valid_bytes += positions[1].offset - positions[0].offset;

            /* advance position */
            positions[0] = positions[1];
        }
        free(entry.key);
    }

    /* because there is another potential error,
     * print how many valid ops we have processed */
    printValid(num_valid_ops, num_valid_bytes);

    /* expect an eof */
    if (entry.type != REDIS_EOF) {
        /* last byte should be EOF, add error */
        errors.level = 0;
        SHIFT_ERROR(positions[0].offset, "Expected EOF, got %s", types[entry.type]);

        /* this is an EOF error so reset type */
        entry.type = -1;
        printErrorStack(&entry);

        num_errors++;
    }

    /* Verify checksum */
    //版本号>=5的时候,需要检验校验和
    if (dump_version >= 5) {
        uint64_t crc = crc64(0,positions[0].data,positions[0].size);
        uint64_t crc2;
        unsigned char *p = (unsigned char*)positions[0].data+positions[0].size;
        crc2 = ((uint64_t)p[0] << 0) |
               ((uint64_t)p[1] << 8) |
               ((uint64_t)p[2] << 16) |
               ((uint64_t)p[3] << 24) |
               ((uint64_t)p[4] << 32) |
               ((uint64_t)p[5] << 40) |
               ((uint64_t)p[6] << 48) |
               ((uint64_t)p[7] << 56);
        if (crc != crc2) {
            SHIFT_ERROR(positions[0].offset, "RDB CRC64 does not match.");
        } else {
            printf("CRC64 checksum is OK
");
        }
    }

    /* print summary on errors */
    if (num_errors) {
        printf("
");
        printf("Total unprocessable opcodes: %llu
",
            (unsigned long long) num_errors);
    }
}

如果想了解检测的详细原理,事先了解dump.rdb的文件内容结构也许会对我们又很大帮助。