在写桌面软件时，通常会使用到托盘上的泡泡提示功能，让我们来看看使用python如何实现这个小功能。
一、Linux系统：
在Linux上，实现一个气泡提示非常简单，使用GTK实现的pynotify模块提供了些功能，我的环境是Ubuntu，默认安装此模块，如果没有，可从http://home.gna.org/py-notify/下载源文件编译安装一个。实现代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding:utf-8
import pynotify
pynotify.init ("Bubble@Linux")
bubble_notify = pynotify.Notification ("Linux上的泡泡提示", "看，比Windows上实现方便多了！")
bubble_notify.show ()
效果：
二、Windows下的实现。
Windows下实现是比较复杂的，没有pynotify这样一个模块，找到了一个还算不错的模块（地址：https://github.com/woodenbrick/gtkPopupNotify，这个类有些语法上的小问题，至少在python2.6下如此，需要修改一下，如下是修改后的代码），基本可用，代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#gtkPopupNotify.py
#
# Copyright 2009 Daniel Woodhouse
# modified by NickCis 2010 http://github.com/NickCis/gtkPopupNotify
# Modifications:
# Added: * Corner support (notifications can be displayed in all corners
# * Use of gtk Stock items or pixbuf to render images in notifications
# * Posibility of use fixed height
# * Posibility of use image as background
# * Not displaying over Windows taskbar(taken from emesene gpl v3)
# * y separation.
# * font description options
# * Callbacks For left, middle and right click
#
#This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
#(at your option) any later version.
#
#This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
#GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
#You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
#along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
import os
import gtk
import pango
import gobject
# This code is used only on Windows to get the location on the taskbar
# Taken from emesene Notifications (Gpl v3)
taskbarOffsety = 0
taskbarOffsetx = 0
if os.name == "nt":
import ctypes
from ctypes.wintypes import RECT, DWORD
user = ctypes.windll.user32
MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY = 1
HMONITOR = 1
class MONITORINFO(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("cbSize", DWORD),
("rcMonitor", RECT),
("rcWork", RECT),
("dwFlags", DWORD)
]
taskbarSide = "bottom"
taskbarOffset = 30
info = MONITORINFO()
info.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(info)
info.dwFlags = MONITORINFOF_PRIMARY
user.GetMonitorInfoW(HMONITOR, ctypes.byref(info))
if info.rcMonitor.bottom != info.rcWork.bottom:
taskbarOffsety = info.rcMonitor.bottom - info.rcWork.bottom
if info.rcMonitor.top != info.rcWork.top:
taskbarSide = "top"
taskbarOffsety = info.rcWork.top - info.rcMonitor.top
if info.rcMonitor.left != info.rcWork.left:
taskbarSide = "left"
taskbarOffsetx = info.rcWork.left - info.rcMonitor.left
if info.rcMonitor.right != info.rcWork.right:
taskbarSide = "right"
taskbarOffsetx = info.rcMonitor.right - info.rcWork.right
class NotificationStack:
def __init__(self, size_x=300, size_y=-1, timeout=5, corner=(False, False), sep_y=0):
"""
Create a new notification stack. The recommended way to create Popup instances.
Parameters:
`size_x` : The desired width of the notifications.
`size_y` : The desired minimum height of the notifications. If it isn"t set,
or setted to None, the size will automatically adjust
`timeout` : Popup instance will disappear after this timeout if there
is no human intervention. This can be overridden temporarily by passing
a new timout to the new_popup method.
`coner` : 2 Value tuple: (true if left, True if top)
`sep_y` : y distance to separate notifications from each other
"""
self.size_x = size_x
self.size_y = -1
if (size_y == None):
pass
else:
size_y
self.timeout = timeout
self.corner = corner
self.sep_y = sep_y
"""
Other parameters:
These will take effect for every popup created after the change.
`edge_offset_y` : distance from the bottom of the screen and
the bottom of the stack.
`edge_offset_x` : distance from the right edge of the screen and
the side of the stack.
`max_popups` : The maximum number of popups to be shown on the screen
at one time.
`bg_color` : if None default is used (usually grey). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.
`bg_pixmap` : Pixmap to use as background of notification. You can set a gtk.gdk.Pixmap
or a path to a image. If none, the color background will be displayed.
`bg_mask` : If a gtk.gdk.pixmap is specified under bg_pixmap, the mask of the pixmap has to be setted here.
`fg_color` : if None default is used (usually black). set with a gtk.gdk.Color.
`show_timeout` : if True, a countdown till destruction will be displayed.
`close_but` : if True, the close button will be displayed.
`fontdesc` : a 3 value Tuple containing the pango.FontDescriptions of the Header, message and counter
(in that order). If a string is suplyed, it will be used for the 3 the same FontDescription.
http://doc.stoq.com.br/devel/pygtk/class-pangofontdescription.html
"""
self.edge_offset_x = 0
self.edge_offset_y = 0
self.max_popups = 5
self.fg_color = None
self.bg_color = None
self.bg_pixmap = None
self.bg_mask = None
self.show_timeout = False
self.close_but = True
self.fontdesc = ("Sans Bold 14", "Sans 12", "Sans 10")
self._notify_stack = []
self._offset = 0
def new_popup(self, title, message, image=None, leftCb=None, middleCb=None, rightCb=None):
"""Create a new Popup instance."""
if len(self._notify_stack) == self.max_popups:
self._notify_stack[0].hide_notification()
self._notify_stack.append(Popup(self, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb))
self._offset += self._notify_stack[-1].y
def destroy_popup_cb(self, popup):
self._notify_stack.remove(popup)
#move popups down if required
offset = 0
for note in self._notify_stack:
offset = note.reposition(offset, self)
self._offset = offset
class Popup(gtk.Window):
def __init__(self, stack, title, message, image, leftCb, middleCb, rightCb):
gtk.Window.__init__(self, type=gtk.WINDOW_POPUP)
self.leftclickCB = leftCb
self.middleclickCB = middleCb
self.rightclickCB = rightCb
self.set_size_request(stack.size_x, stack.size_y)
self.set_decorated(False)
self.set_deletable(False)
self.set_property("skip-pager-hint", True)
self.set_property("skip-taskbar-hint", True)
self.connect("enter-notify-event", self.on_hover, True)
self.connect("leave-notify-event", self.on_hover, False)
self.set_opacity(0.2)
self.destroy_cb = stack.destroy_popup_cb
if type(stack.fontdesc) == tuple or type(stack.fontdesc) == list:
fontH, fontM, fontC = stack.fontdesc
else:
fontH = fontM = fontC = stack.fontdesc
main_box = gtk.VBox()
header_box = gtk.HBox()
self.header = gtk.Label()
self.header.set_markup("<b>%s</b>" % title)
self.header.set_padding(3, 3)
self.header.set_alignment(0, 0)
try:
self.header.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontH))
except Exception, e:
print e
header_box.pack_start(self.header, True, True, 5)
if stack.close_but:
close_button = gtk.Image()
close_button.set_from_stock(gtk.STOCK_CANCEL, gtk.ICON_SIZE_BUTTON)
close_button.set_padding(3, 3)
close_window = gtk.EventBox()
close_window.set_visible_window(False)
close_window.connect("button-press-event", self.hide_notification)
close_window.add(close_button)
header_box.pack_end(close_window, False, False)
main_box.pack_start(header_box)
body_box = gtk.HBox()
if image is not None:
self.image = gtk.Image()
self.image.set_size_request(70, 70)
self.image.set_alignment(0, 0)
if image in gtk.stock_list_ids():
self.image.set_from_stock(image, gtk.ICON_SIZE_DIALOG)
elif type(image) == gtk.gdk.Pixbuf:
self.image.set_from_pixbuf(image)
else:
self.image.set_from_file(image)
body_box.pack_start(self.image, False, False, 5)
self.message = gtk.Label()
self.message.set_property("wrap", True)
self.message.set_size_request(stack.size_x - 90, -1)
self.message.set_alignment(0, 0)
self.message.set_padding(5, 10)
self.message.set_markup(message)
try:
self.message.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontM))
except Exception, e:
print e
self.counter = gtk.Label()
self.counter.set_alignment(1, 1)
self.counter.set_padding(3, 3)
try:
self.counter.modify_font(pango.FontDescription(fontC))
except Exception, e:
print e
self.timeout = stack.timeout
body_box.pack_start(self.message, True, False, 5)
body_box.pack_end(self.counter, False, False, 5)
main_box.pack_start(body_box)
eventbox = gtk.EventBox()
eventbox.set_property("visible-window", False)
eventbox.set_events(gtk.gdk.BUTTON_PRESS_MASK)
eventbox.connect("button_press_event", self.onClick)
eventbox.add(main_box)
self.add(eventbox)
if stack.bg_pixmap is not None:
if not type(stack.bg_pixmap) == gtk.gdk.Pixmap:
stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file(stack.bg_pixmap).render_pixmap_and_mask()
self.set_app_paintable(True)
self.connect_after("realize", self.callbackrealize, stack.bg_pixmap, stack.bg_mask)
elif stack.bg_color is not None:
self.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.bg_color)
if stack.fg_color is not None:
self.message.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
self.header.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
self.counter.modify_fg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, stack.fg_color)
self.show_timeout = stack.show_timeout
self.hover = False
self.show_all()
self.x, self.y = self.size_request()
#Not displaying over windows bar
if os.name == "nt":
if stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == "left":
stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx
elif not stack.corner[0] and taskbarSide == "right":
stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsetx
if stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == "top":
stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsety
elif not stack.corner[1] and taskbarSide == "bottom":
stack.edge_offset_x += taskbarOffsety
if stack.corner[0]:
posx = stack.edge_offset_x
else:
posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x
sep_y = 0
if (stack._offset == 0):
pass
else:
stack.sep_y
self.y += sep_y
if stack.corner[1]:
posy = stack._offset + stack.edge_offset_y + sep_y
else:
posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height()- self.y - stack._offset - stack.edge_offset_y
self.move(posx, posy)
self.fade_in_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_in)
def reposition(self, offset, stack):
"""Move the notification window down, when an older notification is removed"""
if stack.corner[0]:
posx = stack.edge_offset_x
else:
posx = gtk.gdk.screen_width() - self.x - stack.edge_offset_x
if stack.corner[1]:
posy = offset + stack.edge_offset_y
new_offset = self.y + offset
else:
new_offset = self.y + offset
posy = gtk.gdk.screen_height() - new_offset - stack.edge_offset_y + stack.sep_y
self.move(posx, posy)
return new_offset
def fade_in(self):
opacity = self.get_opacity()
opacity += 0.15
if opacity >= 1:
self.wait_timer = gobject.timeout_add(1000, self.wait)
return False
self.set_opacity(opacity)
return True
def wait(self):
if not self.hover:
self.timeout -= 1
if self.show_timeout:
self.counter.set_markup(str("<b>%s</b>" % self.timeout))
if self.timeout == 0:
self.fade_out_timer = gobject.timeout_add(100, self.fade_out)
return False
return True
def fade_out(self):
opacity = self.get_opacity()
opacity -= 0.10
if opacity <= 0:
self.in_progress = False
self.hide_notification()
return False
self.set_opacity(opacity)
return True
def on_hover(self, window, event, hover):
"""Starts/Stops the notification timer on a mouse in/out event"""
self.hover = hover
def hide_notification(self, *args):
"""Destroys the notification and tells the stack to move the
remaining notification windows"""
for timer in ("fade_in_timer", "fade_out_timer", "wait_timer"):
if hasattr(self, timer):
gobject.source_remove(getattr(self, timer))
self.destroy()
self.destroy_cb(self)
def callbackrealize(self, widget, pixmap, mask=False):
#width, height = pixmap.get_size()
#self.resize(width, height)
if mask is not False:
self.shape_combine_mask(mask, 0, 0)
self.window.set_back_pixmap(pixmap, False)
return True
def onClick(self, widget, event):
if event.button == 1 and self.leftclickCB != None:
self.leftclickCB()
self.hide_notification()
if event.button == 2 and self.middleclickCB != None:
self.middleclickCB()
self.hide_notification()
if event.button == 3 and self.rightclickCB != None:
self.rightclickCB()
self.hide_notification()
if __name__ == "__main__":
#example usage
def notify_factory():
color = ("green", "blue")
image = "logo1_64.png"
notifier.bg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[0])
notifier.fg_color = gtk.gdk.Color(color[1])
notifier.show_timeout = True
notifier.edge_offset_x = 20
notifier.edge_offset_y = 30
notifier.new_popup("Windows上的泡泡提示", "NND，比Linux下复杂多了，效果还不怎么样", image=image)
return True
def gtk_main_quit():
print "quitting"
gtk.main_quit()
notifier = NotificationStack(timeout=1)
gobject.timeout_add(4000, notify_factory)
gobject.timeout_add(8000, gtk_main_quit)
gtk.main()
效果如下：
