Python:通过自定义系统级快捷键来控制程序开始或停止记录
在之前写的一篇《Python:监控键盘输入、鼠标操作，并将捕获到的信息记录到文件中》文章中，有个读者留言如下：
这看似一个很平常的需求，但实现起来并不容易，如果用快捷键来控制一个程序干些别的事情那是非常容易的，但关键是本程序刚好是用hook来监控键盘，所以必须使用PumpMessages()，而此函数使用当前程序进入消息循环，它抓取每个鼠标和键盘事件。当我们的程序跑起来后，按下停止的热键时，也被此函数捕获，所以定义的任何热键均不能生效，具体实现及测试在文章《Python:通过自定义系统级快捷键来控制程序运行》中有所描述。
现在，我们换一个思路，既然已经监控到了按键，那就判断当前的按键是不是预先定义的热键，如果是，则可调用自己的处理函数，这样就找到了一个控制的入口，可以通过它实现我们想要的功能，注意此时不能让程序调用os.exit(0)让程序退出，否则再次按启动热键时就没法玩了。具体实现如下，代码中有详细注释，不再一一解释。
一、代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import pythoncom
import pyHook
import time
import pyhk
import os
import sys
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import win32con
import win32api
class CInspectKeyAndMouseEvent:
"""
Function:键盘和鼠标监控类
Input：NONE
Output: NONE
author: socrates
blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
date:2012-03-09
"""
def __init__(self, filename):
"初始化"
self.filename = filename
def open_file(self):
"打开文件"
self.fobj = open(self.filename, "w")
def close_file(self):
"关闭文件"
self.fobj.close()
def IsNotWriteLog(self):
"是否记录日志"
return self.bFlag
def IsExitCommand(self, event):
"""
是否当前按下了程序定义的热键"
如果按下了ALT+F2，将记录日志的状态位置为True,不记录日志,
如果按下了ALT+F1，将记录日志状态位置为False,表示记录日志
"""
if event.Alt == 32 and str(event.Key) == "F2":
self.bFlag = True
print time.strftime("[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ",time.localtime(time.time()))+ " stop write log"
elif event.Alt == 32 and str(event.Key) == "F1":
self.bFlag = False
print time.strftime("[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ",time.localtime(time.time()))+ " start write log"
def onMouseEvent(self, event):
"处理鼠标事件"
#判断是否要记录日志
if self.IsNotWriteLog():
return True
self.fobj.writelines("-" * 20 + "MouseEvent Begin" + "-" * 20 + "
")
self.fobj.writelines("Current Time:%s
" % time.strftime("[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ",time.localtime(time.time())))
self.fobj.writelines("MessageName:%s
" % str(event.MessageName))
self.fobj.writelines("Message:%d
" % event.Message)
self.fobj.writelines("Time_sec:%d
" % event.Time)
self.fobj.writelines("Window:%s
" % str(event.Window))
self.fobj.writelines("WindowName:%s
" % str(event.WindowName))
self.fobj.writelines("Position:%s
" % str(event.Position))
self.fobj.writelines("-" * 20 + "MouseEvent End" + "-" * 20 + "
")
return True
def onKeyboardEvent(self, event):
#处理按下的热键
self.IsExitCommand(event)
#判断是否要记录日志
if self.IsNotWriteLog():
return True
self.fobj.writelines("-" * 20 + "Keyboard Begin" + "-" * 20 + "
")
self.fobj.writelines("Current Time:%s
" % time.strftime("[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ",time.localtime(time.time())))
self.fobj.writelines("MessageName:%s
" % str(event.MessageName))
self.fobj.writelines("Message:%d
" % event.Message)
self.fobj.writelines("Time:%d
" % event.Time)
self.fobj.writelines("Window:%s
" % str(event.Window))
self.fobj.writelines("WindowName:%s
" % str(event.WindowName))
self.fobj.writelines("Ascii_code: %d
" % event.Ascii)
self.fobj.writelines("Ascii_char:%s
" % chr(event.Ascii))
self.fobj.writelines("Key:%s
" % str(event.Key))
self.fobj.writelines("-" * 20 + "Keyboard End" + "-" * 20 + "
")
return True
#默认记录
bFlag = False
def InspectKeyAndMouseEvent():
"启动监控"
my_event = CInspectKeyAndMouseEvent("D:hook_log.txt")
my_event.open_file()
#创建hook句柄
hm = pyHook.HookManager()
#监控键盘
hm.KeyDown = my_event.onKeyboardEvent
hm.HookKeyboard()
#监控鼠标
hm.MouseAll = my_event.onMouseEvent
hm.HookMouse()
#循环获取消息
pythoncom.PumpMessages()
my_event.close_file()
def handle_start_InspecEvent():
"开始监控（按下Ctrl + F1）"
print time.strftime("[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]: ",time.localtime(time.time()))+ " start write log"
InspectKeyAndMouseEvent()
#def handle_stop_InspecEvent():
# "停止监控 (按下Ctrl + F2)"
# InspectKeyAndMouseEvent(False)
if __name__ == "__main__":
"""
Function:通过快捷键控制程序运行
Input：NONE
Output: NONE
author: socrates
blog:http://blog.csdn.net/dyx1024
date:2012-03-09
"""
byref = ctypes.byref
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
#定义快捷键
HOTKEYS = {
1 : (win32con.VK_F1, win32con.MOD_ALT)
# 2 : (win32con.VK_F2, win32con.MOD_ALT)
}
#快捷键对应的驱动函数
HOTKEY_ACTIONS = {
1 : handle_start_InspecEvent,
# 2 : handle_stop_InspecEvent
}
#注册快捷键
for id, (vk, modifiers) in HOTKEYS.items ():
if not user32.RegisterHotKey (None, id, modifiers, vk):
print "Unable to register id", id
#启动监听
try:
msg = wintypes.MSG ()
while user32.GetMessageA (byref (msg), None, 0, 0) != 0:
if msg.message == win32con.WM_HOTKEY:
action_to_take = HOTKEY_ACTIONS.get (msg.wParam)
if action_to_take:
action_to_take ()
user32.TranslateMessage (byref (msg))
user32.DispatchMessageA (byref (msg))
finally:
for id in HOTKEYS.keys ():
user32.UnregisterHotKey (None, id)
二、测试：
1、以下打印是按下热键时控制台输出（支持当前程序不是非激活窗口下按下热键）
2、日志内容：
可以看到，在23:16:58停止记录日志后，至23:17:05重新开始记录之前，所有的键盘和鼠标输入均没有记录，达到预期效果。
--------------------MouseEvent Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:16:57]:
MessageName:mouse move
Message:512
Time_sec:12542031
Window:328916
WindowName:FolderView
Position:(737, 438)
--------------------MouseEvent End--------------------
--------------------Keyboard Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:16:58]:
MessageName:key sys down
Message:260
Time:12542890
Window:1639322
WindowName:本地磁盘 (D:)
Ascii_code: 0
Ascii_char:
Key:Lmenu
--------------------Keyboard End--------------------
--------------------Keyboard Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:05]:
MessageName:key sys down
Message:260
Time:12550015
Window:1639322
WindowName:本地磁盘 (D:)
Ascii_code: 0
Ascii_char:
Key:F1
--------------------Keyboard End--------------------
--------------------MouseEvent Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:06]:
MessageName:mouse move
Message:512
Time_sec:12551000
Window:328916
WindowName:FolderView
Position:(720, 420)
--------------------MouseEvent End--------------------
--------------------MouseEvent Begin--------------------
Current Time:[2012-03-09 23:17:06]:
MessageName:mouse move
Message:512
Time_sec:12551015
Window:328916
WindowName:FolderView
Position:(719, 420)
--------------------MouseEvent End--------------------